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What is Computer?
DEFINITION NO 1:
Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce output.
DEFINITION NO 2:
Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
· Accepts data
· Manipulates data
· Produces results
· Stores results
PARTS OF COMPUTER:
According to above definition we can divide computer functionality in to three main parts
· Inputa
· Output
· Process
INPUT |
OUTPUT |
PROCESS |
INPUT
Input is any data or instructions entered to the computer. Input can be in the form of audio, video, graphics and animations and instructions. Instructions can be
· Programs
· Commands
· User response
Programs
Program tells a computer what to do and how to do? These are written instructions in some specific language.(languages will be describe future)
Commands
Command causes a program to perform a specific action. Like Ctrl+S for saving a Ms.Word Document
User Response
A user response is an action which is or can be done by answering any question from computer like You want to save that file? User have two options Yes or No, that is depend on the user what to response
PROCESS
Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems. In computer processing is done by CPU (Central Processing Unit)
OUTPUT
Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form. The computer takes the input from user process it and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations. Output can be in two forms
· Soft Copy
· Hard Copy
Soft Copy:
When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen). Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid to hold. You can, however, transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it
When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen). Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid to hold. You can, however, transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it
Hard Copy:
Hard copy can be touched and carried. Hard copy is usually some form of paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
There are three main Components of computer.
1. Input devices
2. CPU
3. Output Devices
Hard copy can be touched and carried. Hard copy is usually some form of paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
There are three main Components of computer.
1. Input devices
2. CPU
3. Output Devices
INPUT DEVICES |
OUTPUT DEVICES |
CPU |
INFORMATION PROCESS CYCLE
Computer process data (input) into information (output).A Computer often holds data, information, and instruction in storage for future use.
The series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information process cycle.
INPUT |
OUTPUT |
CPU |
STORAGE MEDIUM |
DATA |
INFORMATION |
INSTRUCTIONS |
WHAT IS DATA?
Definition: “Raw facts, figures, events and transactions are called data”
Example:
· Researchers who conduct market research survey might ask member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data.
· NADRA prepared CNIC of Pakistanis by collecting data of people who belongs to Pakistan.
· Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission forms.
Above all are unprocessed and unprepared which is needed to process and work more.
WHY WE NEED DATA
· Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.
Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by a computer.
Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning
"Data is a representation of information" *
WHAT IS INFORMATION?
DEFINATION:
· “Meaning full data is called information”
· “Processed data is called information”
WHY WE NEED INFORMATION
Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.
Communication of intelligence.
"Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context."
"Information is interpreted data"
DATA |
INFORMATION |
PROCESS |
Detail Example:
Some candidates want to take admission so they will fill an admission form containing data about their selves. When this data is organized and arranged by eligibility criteria and admission rules a merit list will be formulated. This merit list is in the form of information of certain students which are eligible for admission.
Some candidates want to take admission so they will fill an admission form containing data about their selves. When this data is organized and arranged by eligibility criteria and admission rules a merit list will be formulated. This merit list is in the form of information of certain students which are eligible for admission.
Data
Name: Ali, Naveed, Ahmad,Munir Marks:10,5,2,8 |
Merit calculation If marks >=5 candidate is eligible |
Process
Merit List
|
Information
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